Girls and Gangs - 1608 Words

Girls and Gangs For much of history, gang members who are female have generally been left out of the equation. When both the layman and the researcher looked at gang life, gang members, and how they function, rarely have women and their role in gang culture been considered. However, women have long played important roles in gang life, culture, and membership, and the importance of such cannot be ignored. When women in gangs are studied, patterns emerge, the paths that often lead to gang life are able to be greater understood, and this understanding may lead to better practices in gang prevention and intervention. Women and girls have not been well-studied in relation to gang life until recently. According to Holsinger (2000),†¦show more content†¦In the realm of power and control, how much power and agency female gang members have may vary greatly from gang to gang. In African-American gangs, women tend to have more power. In Latina gangs, women typically hold less power and often subservient, especially in El Salvadorean gangs. Common functions of women can range anywhere from defending territory and committing violent acts to engaging in drug dealing, though often in lower-level positions than their male counterparts. It is not uncommon for female members to eventually break into business for themselves, as drug dealing is a very lucrative source of income that also has the potential to bring clout (Lauterback, Hansen, and Waldorf, 1992). Leaving the gang life is easier for women than it is for men. While men face incarceration, higher recidivism rates, and long-term gang affiliation, women often get out of the life earlier and easier. Many female former gang members report their affiliation as merely a phase they went through and do not see it as their long-term identity. One reason leaving gang life is easier for women is motherhood. Once a woman becomes pregnant and brings a baby into the world, that role now takes precedence over her former gang roles. Other members, males included, view motherhood as her primaryShow MoreRelatedGirl Gangs and the Female Crime Wave in America Essay6758 Words   |  28 PagesStarting in the 1980s, reports of female involvement in gangs, drug sales, and violence began to surface as a serious problem in America. To support claims of increased female delinquency, reporters and scholars often cite crime statistics or anecdotes from field studies. The reasons they give to explain t his female crime wave generally fall into one of two categories: drugs as a means for economic success the idea that the increased availability of crack cocaine provides economic means to poverty-riddenRead MoreGirl Gang And Young Women s Membership Within Groups Associated With Violence And Criminal Activities2320 Words   |  10 PagesThe term ‘Girl Gang’ refers to girls and young women’s membership in groups associated with violence and criminal activities (Southgate 2011).Within the book ‘Social Problems in the UK’, girl’s gang is a sub-topic under the chapter ‘Youth Gangs’.It is not a chapter on its own because much focus and discussion has being placed on male gangs. As such, the author Young (2015), analyses the level of female crimes and involvement in street-based gangs. She questions the extent of girl gang and seek toanswerRead MoreEssay on The Rise in Female Gang Members579 Words   |  3 Pagesrecognize that gangs have been around for what seems like forever. What they dont realize is that the numbers are increasing to amazing proportions, there were 28,000 youth gangs with 780,200 members in the United States (in 2000) and 20% to 46% of those members are female (Evans). And what is even more shocking is, in Chicago alone there are 16,000 to 20,000 female gang members (Eghigian). These girls start out as ?groupies?, become members, and sometimes even leaders of all-girl gangs because ofRead MoreThe Phenomena of Female Gangs1253 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction phenomena of female gangs / Definition of female gangs In the past, there were only a few studies about female gangs as the number of female gangs was not significant.However, a survey researching on the membership structure and the distribution of the local gangs states that there were only 6% of the gangsters were female in 2001 but according to two Youth Outreaching Teams of federation four years later, the number of female gang members has been doubled to around 15%. This growthRead MoreThe Representation Of A Woman s Identity1196 Words   |  5 Pagesbelief held throughout American history, these traditional femininity norms were and still are reinforced by immigrant communities today. Nonetheless, what often goes unacknowledged are the stories of those female immigrant youths, Pachuca’s or female gang members, who have rejected societies beliefs to construct new identities centered around hyper-masculine subcultures. Alienated and labeled as hypersexualized or masculine, both Catherine Ramirez’s novel The Women In Th e Zoot Suit and T.W. Wards ethnographicRead MoreA Common Agreement Within The World That Deals With Men And Men1273 Words   |  6 Pagesis a researcher and the author of â€Å"Cholas, Mexican-American Girls, and Gangs†, within her research she has conducted various interviews with females in gangs. From her research she has came to the conclusion that for girls, â€Å"Gang member’s behavior is determined by social structures and group culture by defining the perspective and attitude of the girl gang† (Harris 301). In other words, Harris is explaining that peer groups, such as gangs, to females tend to have a powerful influence on them by havingRead MoreFemale Gangs888 Words   |  4 Pagesled to formation of groups as tribes for waging wars, and eventually in the urban times, now street gangs are formed in mostly developed cities, which are filled with crime and hate towards people other than their own gangs. Gangs all over the world especially in the United States of America, are very often very underlined as a male dominated one, and females that were supposed to be with the gang members, were either their wives of girlfriends, and females who were seen actively involved were supposedRead MoreMy Sassy Girl As A Heros Journey1272 Words   |  6 Pagesfive basic steps: Call to Adventure, Refusal of the Call, Crossing the Threshold/Passage into the Realm, The Road of Trials, and Return to the World of the Common Day. The Hero’s Journey archetype is represented heavily in popular culture. My Sassy Girl, directed by Kwak Jae-yong, details the relationship between a young male engineering student with an effeminate upbringing, and an authoritative and brazen young woman. He struggles against the girls controlling ways while searching for love. BothRead MoreFemale Participation And Gang Activities Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pagesparticipation in gang activities acquired greatest attention due to its â€Å" sensational nature of the media s portrayal of girl gangsters (...). During the period of 1990 and of the new millennium† (need or not?) This attention (...) â€Å"has also contributed to a renewed academic interest in female gangs.† (Nurge_2003, p 1) There existed a â€Å"traditional view† (Hunt et al._2000) of female gang members, and it â€Å"contrasts sharply with recent public discussions about female gang members, which indicateRead More Mi Vida Loca Essay1673 Words   |  7 Pagesmeans â€Å"my crazy life (as a girl).† The movie documents the phenomenon of female gangs in the early nineties in Los Angeles. It is written and directed by Allison Anders, who grew up in Los Angeles and went to UCLA. She uses personal experiences to help influence her story writing. In Echo Park, a group of young Mexican-Americans show what it means to live in the inner city. The film looks at gang lifestyle from a woman’s point of view to uncover relationships, conflicts, gang loyalty, and identity. The

Frostbite Chapter 9 Free Essays

Nine I DIDN’T SEE DIMITRI FOR a while after that. He’d sent a message later that day saying that he thought we should cancel our next two sessions because of the rapidly approaching plans to leave campus. Classes were about to end anyway, he said; taking a break from practice seemed like the reasonable thing. We will write a custom essay sample on Frostbite Chapter 9 or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was a lame excuse, and I knew that wasn’t the reason he was canceling. If he wanted to avoid me, I would have preferred he made up something about how he and the other guardians had to up Moroi security or practice top-secret ninja moves. Regardless of his story, I knew he was avoiding me because of the kiss. That damned kiss. I didn’t regret it, not exactly. God only knew how much I’d been wanting to kiss him. But I’d done it for the wrong reasons. I’d done it because I was upset and frustrated and had simply wanted to prove that I could. I was so tired of doing the right thing, the smart thing. I was trying to be more in control lately, but I seemed to be slipping. I hadn’t forgotten the warning that he’d once given me- that us being together wasn’t just about age. It would interfere with our jobs. Pushing him into the kiss†¦well, I’d fanned the flames of a problem that could eventually hurt Lissa. I shouldn’t have done it. Yesterday, I’d been unable to stop myself. Today I could see more clearly and couldn’t believe what I’d done. Mason met me on Christmas morning, and we went to go hang out with the others. It provided a good opportunity to push Dimitri out of my head. I liked Mason- a lot. And it wasn’t like I had to run off and marry him. Like Lissa had said, it would be healthy for me to just date someone again. Tasha was hosting our Christmas brunch in an elegant parlor in the Academy’s guest quarters. Lots of group activities and parties were occurring throughout the school, but I’d quickly noticed that Tasha’s presence always created a disturbance. People either secretly stared or went out of their way to avoid her. Sometimes she would challenge them. Sometimes she would just lie low. Today, she’d chosen to stay out of the other royals’ way and simply enjoy this small, private party of those who didn’t shun her. Dimitri had been invited to the gathering, and a bit of my resolve faltered when I saw him. He’d actually dressed up for the occasion. Okay, â€Å"dressed up† might have been an exaggeration, but it was the closest I’d ever seen him come to that. Usually he just looked a little rough†¦like he could spring into battle at any given moment. Today, his dark hair was tied at the back of his neck, as though he’d actually tried to make it neat. He wore his usual jeans and leather boots, but instead of a T-shirt or thermal shirt, he had on a finely knit black sweater. It was just an ordinary sweater, nothing designer or expensive, but it added a touch of polish I didn’t usually see, and good God, did it fit him well. Dimitri wasn’t mean to me or anything, but he certainly didn’t go out of his way to make conversation with me. He did talk to Tasha, however, and I watched with fascination as they conversed in that easy way of theirs. I’d since learned that a good friend of his was a distant cousin of Tasha’s family; that was how the two of them knew each other. â€Å"Five?† asked Dimitri in surprise. They were discussing the friend’s children. â€Å"I hadn’t heard that.† Tasha nodded. â€Å"It’s insane. I swear, I don’t think his wife’s had more than six months off between kids. She’s short, too- so she just gets wider and wider.† â€Å"When I first met him, he swore he didn’t even want kids.† Her eyes widened excitedly. â€Å"I know! I can’t believe it. You should see him now. He just melts around them. I can’t even understand him half the time. I swear, he speaks more baby talk than English.† Dimitri smiled his rare smile. â€Å"Well†¦children do that to people.† â€Å"I can’t imagine it happening to you,† she laughed. â€Å"You’re always so stoic. Of course †¦ I suppose you’d be doing baby talk in Russian, so no one would ever know.† They both laughed at that, and I turned away, grateful Mason was there to talk to. He was a good distraction from everything, because in addition to Dimitri ignoring me, Lissa and Christian were chatting on in their own little world too. Sex appeared to have made them that much more in love, and I wondered if I’d get to spend any time with her at all on the ski trip. She did eventually break away from him to give me my Christmas present. I opened the box and stared inside. I saw a string of maroon-colored beads, and the scent of roses floated out. â€Å"What the †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I lifted the beads out, and a heavy gold crucifix swung from the end of them. She’d given me a chotki. It was similar to a rosary, only smaller. Bracelet-size. â€Å"Are you trying to convert me?† I asked wryly. Lissa wasn’t a religious nut or anything, but she believed in God and attended church regularly. Like many Moroi families who’d come from Russia and Eastern Europe, she was an Orthodox Christian. Me? I was pretty much an Orthodox Agnostic. I figured God probably existed, but I didn’t have the time or energy to investigate. Lissa respected that and never tried to push her faith on me, which made the gift that much weirder. â€Å"Flip it over,† she said, clearly amused at my shock. I did. On the back of the cross, a dragon wreathed in flowers had been carved into the gold. The Dragomir crest. I looked up at her, puzzled. â€Å"It’s a family heirloom,† she said. â€Å"One of my dad’s good friends has been saving boxes of his stuff. This was in it. It belonged to my great-grandmother’s guardian.† â€Å"Liss †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I said. The chotki took on a whole new meaning. â€Å"I can’t†¦ you can’t give me something like this.† â€Å"Well, I certainly can’t keep it. It’s meant for a guardian. My guardian.† I wound the beads around one wrist. The cross felt cool against my skin. â€Å"You know,† I teased, â€Å"there’s a good possibility I’ll get kicked out of school before I can become your guardian.† She grinned. â€Å"Well, then you can give it back.† Everyone laughed. Tasha started to say something, then stopped when she looked up at the door. â€Å"Janine!† My mother stood there, looking as stiff and impassive as ever. â€Å"Sorry I’m late,† she said. â€Å"I had business to take care of.† Business. As always. Even on Christmas. I felt my stomach turn and heat rise to my cheeks as the details of our fight came rushing back to my mind. She’d never sent one word of communication since it had happened two days ago, not even when I was in the infirmary. No apologies. Nothing. I gritted my teeth. She sat down with us and soon joined in the conversation. I’d long since discovered she could really only talk about one subject: guardian business. I wondered if she had any hobbies. The Badica attack was on everyone’s mind, and this drove her into a conversation about some similar fight she’d been in. To my horror, Mason was riveted by her every word. â€Å"Well, decapitations aren’t as easy as they seem,† she said in her matter-of-fact way. I’d never thought they were easy at all, but her tone suggested that she believed everyone thought they were cake. â€Å"You’ve got to get through the spinal cord and tendons.† Through the bond, I felt Lissa grow queasy. She wasn’t one for gruesome talk. Mason’s eyes lit up. â€Å"What’s the best weapon to do it with?† My mother considered. â€Å"An axe. You can get more weight behind it.† She made a swinging motion by way of illustration. â€Å"Cool,† he said. â€Å"Man, I hope they let me carry an axe.† It was a comical and ludicrous idea, since axes were hardly convenient weapons to carry around. For half a second, the thought of Mason walking down the street with an axe over his shoulder lightened my mood a little. The moment quickly passed. I honestly couldn’t believe we were having this conversation on Christmas. Her presence had soured everything. Fortunately, the gathering eventually dispersed. Christian and Lissa went off to do their own thing, and Dimitri and Tasha apparently had more catching up to do. Mason and I were well on our way to the dhampir dorm when my mother joined us. None of us said anything. Stars cluttered the black sky, sharp and bright, their glitter matched in the ice and snow around us. I wore my ivory parka with fake fur trimming. It did a good job keeping my body warm, even though it did nothing against the chilly gusts that seared my face. The whole time we walked, I kept expecting my mother to turn off toward the other guardian areas, but she came right inside the dorm with us. â€Å"I’ve been wanting to talk to you,† she finally said. My alarms clicked on. What had I done now? That was all she said, but Mason picked up on the hint immediately. He was neither stupid nor oblivious to social cues, though at that moment, I kind of wished he was. I also found it ironic that he wanted to fight every Strigoi in the world but was afraid of my mother. He glanced at me apologetically, shrugged, and said, â€Å"Hey, I’ve got to get, um, somewhere. I’ll see you later.† I watched with regret as he left, wishing I could run after him. Probably my mom would only tackle me and punch my other eye if I tried to escape. Better to do things her way and get this over with. Shifting uncomfortably, I looked everywhere but at her and waited for her to speak. Out of the corner of my eye, I noticed a few people glancing over at us. Recalling how everyone in the world seemed to know about her giving me the black eye, I suddenly decided I didn’t want witnesses around for whatever lecture she was about to unleash on me. â€Å"You want to, um, go to my room?† I asked. She looked surprised, almost uncertain. â€Å"Sure.† I led her upstairs, keeping a safe distance away as we walked. Awkward tension built between us. She didn’t say anything when we reached my room, but I saw her examine every detail carefully, as though a Strigoi might be lurking in there. I sat on the bed and waited while she paced, unsure what I should do. She ran her fingers over a stack of books on animal behavior and evolution. â€Å"Are these for a report?† she asked. â€Å"No. I’m just interested in it, that’s all.† Her eyebrows rose. She hadn’t known that. But how would she? She didn’t know anything about me. She continued her appraisal, stopping to study little things that apparently surprised her about me. A picture of Lissa and me dressed up like fairies for Halloween. A bag of SweeTarts. It was as though my mother were meeting me for the first time. Abruptly, she turned and extended her hand toward me. â€Å"Here.† Startled, I leaned forward and held my palm out underneath hers. Something small and cool dropped into my hand. It was a round pendant, a small one- not much bigger than a dime in diameter. A base of silver held a flat disc of colored glass circles. Frowning, I ran my thumb over its surface. It was strange, but the circles almost made it look like an eye. The inner one was small, just like a pupil. It was so dark blue that it looked black. Surrounding it was a larger circle of pale blue, which was in turn surrounded by a circle of white. A very, very thin ring of that dark blue color circled the outside. â€Å"Thanks,† I said. I hadn’t expected anything from her. The gift was weird- why the hell would she give me an eye?- but it was a gift. â€Å"I†¦ I didn’t get you anything.† My mom nodded, face blank and unconcerned once more. â€Å"It’s fine. I don’t need anything.† She turned away again and started walking around the room. She didn’t have a lot of space to do it, but her shorter height gave her a smaller stride. Each time she passed in front of the window over my bed, the light would catch her auburn hair and light it up. I watched her curiously and realized she was as nervous as me. She halted in her pacing and glanced back toward me. â€Å"How’s your eye?† â€Å"Getting better.† â€Å"Good.† She opened her mouth, and I had a feeling she was on the verge of apologizing. But she didn’t. When she started pacing again, I decided I couldn’t stand the inactivity. I began putting my presents away. I’d gotten a pretty nice haul of stuff this morning. One of them was a silk dress from Tasha, red and embroidered with flowers. My mother watched me hang it in the room’s tiny closet. â€Å"That was very nice of Tasha.† â€Å"Yeah,† I agreed. â€Å"I didn’t know she was going to get me anything. I really like her.† â€Å"Me too.† I turned from the closet in surprise and stared at my mom. Her astonishment mirrored mine. If I hadn’t known any better, I’d have said we’d just agreed on something. Maybe Christmas miracles did happen. â€Å"Guardian Belikov will be a good match for her.† â€Å"I- † I blinked, not entirely sure what she was talking about. â€Å"Dimitri?† â€Å"Guardian Belikov,† she corrected sternly, still not approving of my casual way of addressing him. â€Å"What†¦ what kind of match?† I asked. She raised an eyebrow. â€Å"You haven’t heard? She’s asked him to be her guardian- since she doesn’t have one.† I felt like I’d been punched again. â€Å"But he’s†¦assigned here. And to Lissa.† â€Å"Arrangements can be made. And regardless of the Ozera reputation†¦she’s still royal. If she pushes, she can get her way.† I stared bleakly into space. â€Å"Well, I guess they are friends and everything.† â€Å"More than that- or possibly could be.† Bam! Punched again. â€Å"What?† â€Å"Hmm? Oh. She’s†¦interested in him.† By my mother’s tone, it was clear that romantic matters actually held no interest for her. â€Å"She’s willing to have dhampir children, so it’s possible they might eventually make an, um, arrangement if he were her guardian.† Oh. My. God. Time froze. My heart stopped beating. I realized my mother was waiting for a response. She was leaning against my desk, watching me. She might be able to hunt down Strigoi, but she was oblivious to my feelings. â€Å"Is †¦ is he going to do it? Be her guardian?† I asked weakly. My mom shrugged. â€Å"I don’t think he’s agreed to it yet, but of course he will. It’s a great opportunity.† â€Å"Of course,† I echoed. Why would Dimitri turn down the chance to be a guardian to a friend of his and to have a baby? I think my mom said something else after that, but I didn’t hear it. I didn’t hear anything. I kept thinking about Dimitri leaving the Academy, leaving me. I thought about the way he and Tasha had gotten along with each other so well. And then, after those recollections, my imagination started improvising future scenarios. Tasha and Dimitri together. Touching. Kissing. Naked. Other things †¦ I squeezed my eyes shut for half a second and then opened them. â€Å"I’m really tired.† My mom stopped mid-sentence. I had no idea what she’d been saying before I interrupted her. â€Å"I’m really tired,† I repeated. I could hear the hollowness in my own voice. Empty. No emotion. â€Å"Thanks for the eye†¦um, thing, but if you don’t mind †¦Ã¢â‚¬  My mother stared at me in surprise, her features open and confused. Then, just like that, her usual wall of cool professionalism slammed back into place. Until that moment, I hadn’t realized how much she’d let it up. But she had. For just a brief time, she’d made herself vulnerable with me. That vulnerability was now gone. â€Å"Of course,† she said stiffly. â€Å"I don’t want to bother you.† I wanted to tell her it wasn’t that. I wanted to tell her I wasn’t kicking her out for any personal reason. And I wanted to tell her that I wished she were the kind of loving, understanding mother you always hear about, one I could confide in. Maybe even a mother I could discuss my troubled love life with. God. I wished I could tell anyone about that, actually. Especially right now. But I was too caught up in my own personal drama to say a word. I felt like someone had ripped my heart out and tossed it across the other side of the room. There was a burning, agonizing pain in my chest, and I had no idea how it could ever be filled. It was one thing to accept that I couldn’t have Dimitri. It was something entirely different to realize someone else could. I didn’t say anything else to her because my speech capabilities no longer existed. Fury glinted in her eyes, and her lips flattened out into that tight expression of displeasure she so often wore. Without another word, she turned around and left, slamming the door behind her. That door slam was something I would have done too, actually. I guess we really did share some genes. But I forgot about her almost immediately. I just kept sitting there and thinking. Thinking and imagining. I spent the rest of the day doing little more than that. I skipped dinner. I shed a few tears. But mostly, I just sat on my bed thinking and growing more and more depressed. I also discovered that the only thing worse than imagining Dimitri and Tasha together was remembering when he and I had been together. He would never touch me again like that, never kiss me again†¦ This was the worst Christmas ever. 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Equity Investments in Crowdfunding Projects †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Equity Investments in Crowdfunding Projects. Answer: Introduction This report contains data related to credit policies and methods which could be used by organizations for the collection of cash. It is prepared under the guidance of the group leader who will give instructions and all the members of the team will be accustomed to act as per his instructions. The group leader has helped team members to collect the required amount of data from reliable sources for preparing cash policies and cash collection methods. With the increasing ramification and fast changes in economic conditions, it is observed that management of cash and finance is required for the business functioning of organizations. In this report, an adamantine study has been prepared on two types of business organizations. There are several factors which affect the credit policies and methods which could be used by organizations for the collection of cash. There are two organizations namely first is a large hotel serving liquor and meals and another one is the large manufacture of leis ure footwear. Both companies are different in nature and accompanied with different complexity of business (Abor, 2017). Organizations are accompanied with several set of activities in which various functions are performed in order to achieve certain level of goals and objectives. Credit policies are developed with a view to increasing the overall turnover of organizations. These policies help organizations to set out the terms and conditions of business and how to deal with their customers and clients in determined approach. Organizations use a number of policies to mitigate the credit risk and boost sales. However, inefficient credit policies may result in customers default and losses of the business. Credit policies of hotel serving liquor and meals together with the provision of motel style accommodation to the traveling public Credit policies of the hotel serving liquor and meals will be based on its clients and their reciprocate behavior. It is assumed that all the customers are in liquor business are more inclined towards not paying their debts and keeping themselves in debt amount. However, there are several points which could be taken into account by hotel serving liquor and meals while setting up its credit policies. Credit limit- Hotel serving liquor and meals would need to set out the maximum limit to which it could allow credit to its clients. In addition to this, in the hospitality industry clients are given all the services on credit and asked to make payment only after when they have availed and satisfied their services. Hotel serving liquor and meals could enhance their credit payment cycle for the certain customers who are having a good amount of track record (Healy Palepu, 2012). Credit term- It is evaluated that in the hospitality industry customers are given all the services on credit and asked to make payment only after when they have availed and satisfied their services. Therefore, hotel serving liquor and meals would have credit policies of taking payment from the clients only when they have availed the services provided by organizations (Hirschey, 2008). Clients information- It is evaluated that if clients in the hotel serving liquor and meals come on frequent basis then in order to boost the sales organizations would allow customers to take credit purchase of liquor and other substance. However, hotel serving liquor and meals needs to set up a limit for determining up to which extent clients would be allowed to take credit. Documentation- Ideally in business of hotel serving liquor and meals, organizations do not maintain proper data for their clients such as contract, amount of credit sales, purchase orders. Therefore, it is assumed that only a sheet is maintained by the management department to determine the credit amount due to particular clients. After analysis the liquor market, it is observed that there are very less number of hotels offering motel rooms and liquor to the general public due to its high regulatory requirement and high fixed investment. In addition to this, they focus on direct customers who frequently visit and less inclined towards entering into same hotels. Therefore it could be inferred that hotel serving liquor and meals are more inclined towards generating cash sales and make less focus on credit sales due to their credit policies. However, credit sales could also be allowed by hotels to their regular clients (MOHAMMED KEDIR and ALEWI, 2014). Credit policies of large manufacture of leisure footwear, supplying shoes to a large number of independent footwear retails functioning through their shops These are several organizations that are making strategic alliance with retail business organizations to sell their stocks and products in market. The credit policies of large manufacture of leisure footwear, supplying shoes are very liberal and they are more inclined towards allowing their clients to purchase more and more products. In addition to this, it is also observed that there are high numbers of suppliers in footwear industry who are providing leisure footwear, supplying shoes to retails business organizations (Hargovan Harris 2011). It is further evaluated that retails business organizations do not have that much cash and they purchase stocks and goods only from those suppliers who provides them stock on credit terms. Therefore, in order to cope up with the market, all manufactures who are providing leisure footwear, supplying shoes to retails stores would agree on credit sales. However, in order to maintain effective credit policies, organization selling leisure footwear, supplying shoes should create operating life cycle by entering into contract with their clients. This type of process not only increase the overall profit of organizations but it also helps manufactures of leisure footwear, supplying shoes to establish an effective strategic alliance with other business organization. These manufacturers will have a high number of debtors in their balance sheet (NJENGA, 2014). However, these manufacturers would need to manage their receivables otherwise it may result into increment in the cost of capital and eventually will affect the cost of production of manufacture of leisure footwear, supplying shoes (Cholakova Clarysse, 2015). Differences between the credit policies prepared by these two organizations It is evaluated that hotel serving liquor and meals to its customers will have credit policies which will keep its credit sales as low as it could be. It is analyzed that hotel serving liquor and meals never want to increase its sales by increasing its credit sales. Companies indulged in serving liquor and meals to its customers are more inclined to deliver the best quality of services and less inclined to manipulate its credit sales to increase the overall turnover. On the other hand, manufacturers who provide footwear and supplying shoes to retails business stores are more inclined towards setting up an effective strategic alliance with their partners. Therefore, it is evaluated that credit policies and conditions set up by manufacturers that provide footwear and supplying shoes to retails business stores in their business are more liberal and more clients oriented. These types of policies are developed with a view to prepare strategic plan to compete with other suppliers in the ma rket. Therefore, in the end it would be inferred that manufactures who provide footwear and supplying shoes to retails business stores would have more liberal policies than Hotel business organizations offering liquor and other meals (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2016) There are several methods which could be used by credit manager in monitoring the status and composition of account receivables in both types of organizations (Raymond and Adigwe, 2015). Ratio analysis for control of receivables This analysis establishes the relation between two associated factors such as overall turnover and average receivable of organizations. However, organizations follow these methods to identify the maximum debt collection time which they could allow and maximum level of the total amount of credit sales which could be allowed (Black Gilson, 1998). The Ageing schedule of debtors is prepared basing on the collection period. Total amount of debtors are classified according to their age. This age analysis is used to decide what actions could be taken about older debts. Both organizations could use ageing analysis according to their period of outstanding, For instance, less than 30 days, 45 days and 75 days. This method could be implemented either manually or through computers (Selvanayaki et al. 2016). This analysis is used to maintain and prepare an effective control of inventories. Management of inventory an effective manner would result into effective management of receivables and would also reduce the cost of capital (Beck, 2016). These credit scoring will help both organizations to help organizations to measure the clients so that they could consider to whom they should allow credit sales. However, in these methods, both organizations would need to consider the track record and their business relation with their clients before allowing credit sales. Written plan for both companies It is the responsibility of finance manager to manage its receivable and cash accounts of the hotel serving liquor and meals. As this business is less inclined towards making credit sales to its customers due to high risk involved in the collection of payment. It is evaluated that the hotel serving liquor and meals would keep the interest rate @ 26% for its credit sales. If the hotel serving liquor and meals would make credit sales due to unexceptional circumstance then it will have debtors collection period of 60 days maximum. The company would also prepare bad debts provision for covering up its possible losses. However, finance manager would keep all the credit charges high and will force its clients to make payment hand to hand without any delay (Jonny, 2016). Manufacture of leisure footwear, supplying shoes needs to hold liberal business policies. It is evaluated that manufacture of leisure footwear, supplying shoes needs to provide all its goods on credit basis to retails business stores. The manufacture would keep the interest rate very low @ 10% for its credit sales. Debtors collection period for the clients who have purchased goods on credits terms would be around 120 days. However, retails business stores who are ready to make payment before their due date would be given additional discounts and offers. Manufacture would need to keep high amount of debt provision in its balance sheet for its contingent liabilities and bad debts losses (Barton Wiseman, 2014). Conclusion There are different types of cash policies and methods for collection of cash which are discussed in this report. 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